Analysis of the poem Essay Example for Free

Analysis of the poem Essay The poem Originally by Carol Ann Duffy talks about the issue of culture identity. The poem talks about change, memories, and anxiety which occurs when moving. This is conveyed through the experiences of a young girl in the poem who is reluctant to leave what she knows behind. This is made apparent through the theme of memory and the continual change of setting. The title Originally sets the tone for the poem as there change needs to occur for there to be an original. This choice of diction allows for an expectation for what the journey will be about, while the ambiguity of the poem is written in such a way that personal experiences can be projected upon the protagonist. The aspect of the poem through tone however creates a bias towards negative emotions and experiences due to the despondent tone throughout the first two stanzas. This atmosphere of loss is aided through the use of negative emotive diction such as bawling and resigned. By showing that the protagonists brothers are crying, Duffy illustrates how hard this is for them as crying is usually only brought on by major or sad events and loss, resigned is used to show how she has accepted her fate, but it doesnt mean she likes it. This association of emotions with the diction allows for empathy to occur towards the protagonist and her unsure feelings about her emigration. The theme of cultural identity is used in the poem in order to instil a sense of not belonging. This feeling of unease and unhappiness is introduced through the use of bawling as this change from the place where they are comfortable and belong to the new one is both painful and confusing for them. The use of italics however, in the repetition of Home as well as the capitalisation of it, emphasises its importance to them and their desire to return to it. The use of a blind toy by Duffy can be used as a metaphor towards the protagonists new life, where, although the toy is blind, it still has eyes. The foreshadowing could be that when the protagonist moves she will be blinded by everything which is new so that she doesnt become overwhelmed by it. She will continue to be blind to the beauty of her new home so long as she is yearning for her old one. However, once she is ready her sight will return and she will start to forget her cultural identity. At the time, the girl doesnt want this however, so she is clinging onto a toy to maintain her memories of home. Additionally, a toy is associated with childhood, so the clinging onto it may represent how she doesnt want to grow up and leave her comforts behind. By saying in the second stanza that all childhood is emigration, Duffy allows for immediate relation to the protagonists situation. This is due to the journey of growing up to adulthood which is a worldwide experience, as well as referring to physical emigration of moving from one place to another. Improtantly however, the emigration of childhood is all made without the acceptance of the person moving, they cannot stop growing older, and parents make the ultimate decisions. This unease and the inability to understand the need to move is reinforced by the location of her new home where no one you know stays. This introduces the tone of isolation which is reinforced by having the wrong accent, and shouting words you dont understand which immediately marks a person as being from a different area, even though the move could have been within the same country of city, the accent and slang changes. The introduction of big boys shows that she is intimidated by people from the area who are older and bigger as she doesnt know how they will react, this is reinforced by the alliteration present through the repetition of the hard d, continuing the feeling of intimidation which the protagonist encounters. A continuation of the alliteration in sibilance, seeing your brother swallow a slug, feel only a skelf of shame, provides an insight that the protagonist is slightly proud of her brothers for adapting so well to the environment, which is then applied to herself in a continuation of sibilance in combination with a simile in that she remembers (her) tongue shedding its skin like a snake, my voice in the classroom sounding just like the rest. This shows that she is also now adapting to her environment, reinforced by the fact that a shed skin is natural for a snake, and this adaptation is normal, although slightly unwanted. The last stanzas change in tone shows how the protagonist has changed with age. This allows for a time skip to take place into a time when she is more mature and able to reflect upon the journey easily, although with some regret. This is expressed through rhetorical questions beginning with the use of Do I only think, in line 20, which builds up an atmosphere of longing and wistfulness. There is also a tone of uncertainty in there, as she doesnt know if she had remained in the place if the feelings of belonging would have remained, which is why she only questions and doesnt outright believe that staying would have been the best option for her. The rhyming of the words first space and right place reinforces the doubt she feels about her cultural identity. The continued doubt of the protagonists cultural identity which occurs in lines 23 and 24, illustrates how she will continue to try and find the answers throughout her life as she will never be truly certain of who she is, creating a sense of not belonging. Although emigration is a hard thing to experience, Duffy illustrates that trying to maintain a cultural identity through such a process may cause problems later. The continued rejection of the new culture illustrates how much of an outsider it makes the protagonist feel later in life, which could have been avoided if it had been readily embraced. The place which she originates from will always have a draw, however, the acceptance of a new culture viewed as a new part of a personal culture, would be much easier to accept than a replacement to the old one.

Cells and their parts Essay -- essays research papers

Cells are some of the smallest organisms around. All living things consist of cells, and yet they are invisible to the naked eye. Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life. Cells are made up of many different parts which allow them to function properly. All cells are separated from their surrounding by a cell membrane. The cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell and also aids in the protection and support of the cell. A cell membrane is similar to the walls surrounding your house. In plants the cell membrane is surrounded by a cell wall. The cell wall is outside the cell membrane, and its purpose is to help the membrane protect and support the cell. Since the cell wall is very porous, water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other substances can pass through easily. A cell wall is similar to a fence around your house, because it helps protect other things from getting inside the cell. In many cells there is a the nucleus, which was first described by Robert Brown. If a cell does or does not have a nucleus has been used by scientists to divide cells into two general categories. The two categories are Eukaryotics, which are cells with a nucleus, and Prokaryotic, which are cells without a nucleus. The nucleus has been found to be the information center of the cell and contains DNA. It also directs all activities that occur in a living cell. It’s like a mini me of the heart and brain of a human body. Most nuclei contain a small area called the nuc...

Annotated Bibliography on Teen Pregnancy

Annotated Bibliography on Teen Pregnancy B. T HCS/465 October 23, 2011 Annotated Bibliography on Teen Pregnancy Clinical Digest. (2009). Aggression is a predictor of rapid repeat teen pregnancy: pubertal onset age and conflict management key considerations in prevention strategies. Nursing Standard, 23(24), [16]. Retrieved from http://www. cinahl. com/cgi-bin/refsvc? jid= 530&accno=2010217733 This article provides data from actual interviews with teens that have has rapid repeat pregnancies within 24 months of the last pregnancy experienced and those individuals who did not. The study shows significant differences in aggression behaviors and how recognizing these behaviors early on could help prevent teen rapid repeat pregnancies in the future. This is a peer-reviewed article and was researched by clicking the peer-review box during the search process. Kelly, L. , Sheeder, J. , & Stevens-Simon, C. (2004). Teen Home Pregnancy Test Takers: more Worried or more wishful? Pediatrics, 113(3 Part 1), 581-584. Retrieved from http:// www. cinahl. com/cgi-bin/refsvc? jid=783&accno=2005077833 This article provides insight from a study of teens that used home pregnancy Tests. Were these individuals more concerned with contraception mishaps? or the affects that child rearing would have on their futures? The study included 340 individuals who were racially and ethnically diverse who were sought out because of visiting three different teen clinics for various reasons. The reasons included pregnancy testing, sexually transmitted disease testing, obtaining contraceptives and general health visits. This is a peer-reviewed article and was researched by clicking the peer-review box during the search process. McKay, A. , & Barrett, M. 2010). Trends in teen pregnancy rates from 1996-2006: a comparison of Canada, Sweden, U. S. A. , and England/Wales. Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 19(1-2), 43-52. Retrieved from http://www. cinahl. com/cgi-bin/refsvc? jid=1558&accno= 2010691048 This article provides statistical data concerning teen pregnancy and abortion rates covering a ten year time period. Research concerning teen pregnancy and abortion is important t o understanding socioeconomic factors and trends in teen sexual and reproductive health. Trends have decreased in teen pregnancy meaning ither a stronger support system for teens to encourage control over sexual activity is available or there is an increase in contraceptive usage. This is a peer- reviewed article and was found by clicking the peer-review box during the search process. Medoff, M. (2010). The Impact of State Abortion Policies on Teen Pregnancy Rates. Social Indicators Research, 97(2), 177-189. Retrieved from http://dx. doi. org. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/10. 1007/s11205-009-9495-9 This article provides research from state-level data for the years of 1982, 1992, nd 2000 concerning teen pregnancy rates, abortion rates, and new laws and policies affecting the pricing of abortions and how these new laws and policies are deterring unwanted pregnancies. This is a peer-reviewed article and was found by clicking the peer-review box during the search process. Monahan, D. J. (2002). Teen pregnancy prevention outcomes: Implications for social work practice. Families in Society, 83(4), 431-431-439. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/230165951? accountid=35812 This article provides detailed information concerning study group demographics, nowledge and dating behaviors, and adolescent attitudes and how these details affect teen pregnancy and intervention programs. Are prevention programs helping decrease the amount of teen pregnancy seen each year? What are these programs offering teens to help them make more beneficial life choices? This is a peer-reviewed article and was found by clicking the peer-review box during the search process. Sen, B. (2003). Can Beer Taxes Affect Teen Pregnancy? Evidence Based on Teen Abortion Rates and Birth Rates. Southern Economic Journal, 70(2), 328-343. Retrieved from http://www. utc. du/Outreach/SouthernEconomicAssociation/southern-economic- journal. html Data from the years of 1985, 1988, 1992, and 1996 we re used in this interesting article on beer taxes and teen pregnancy and how they are related. The article provided statistical data showing that higher tax rates on beer have shown to negatively affect teen pregnancy and abortion rates. This is a peer-reviewed article and was found by clicking the peer-review box during the search process. Witte, K. (1997). Preventing teen pregnancy through persuasive communications: Realities, Myths and the hard-fact truths. Journal of Community Health, 22(2), 137-137-54. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/224047307? accountid=35812 This article provides interesting data concerning the use of pregnancy prevention campaigns and what they communicate to teens and adolescents. Campaigns according to the study should provide more negative and hard-fact truths to communicate teen pregnancy, sexual activity, and abortion in order to help combat future teen pregnancy and abortion rates. This is a peer-reviewed article and was found by clicking the peer-review box during the search process.

A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry - 605 Words

Lorraine Hansberry, the author of â€Å"A Raisin in The Sun†, was born in Chicago, Illinois. Hansberry was the youngest of four children. Her father Carl Augustus Hansberry was a prominent real estate broker and her mother Louise Perry was a stay home mother. She grew up on the south side of Chicago in the Woodlawn neighborhood. Later the family moved into an all-white neighborhood, where they experienced racial discrimination. Hansberry attended a predominantly white public school while her parents fought against segregation. In 1940 Hansberry’s father engaged in a Supreme Court case of Hansberry v. Lee which was a legal battle against a racially restrictive covenant that attempted to prohibit African-American families from buying homes in the area. As a result in Supreme Court case of Hansberry v. Lee it made the family subject to the hellishly hostile in their predominantly white neighborhood. Hansberry went on to attend the University of Wisconsin-Madison but she found college to be uninspiring to her passion in writing. In 1950 she left college and moved to New York City to pursue her writing career. There she married Robert Nemiroff and with his success with his music career Hansberry was able to leave her job as a waitress and cashier to devote herself to writing. In 1959 she wrote â€Å"A Raisin in The Sun†, the play was an instant success. Hansberry became the first African-American women to receive the New York Drama Critics Award and to have a play produced onShow MoreRelatedA Raisin Of The Sun By Lorraine Hansberry894 Words   |  4 PagesA Raisin in the sun by Lorraine Hansberry there are three major female characters represent three different spectrums of their lives. A Raisin in the Sun a number of social issues are both explicitly and subtly exemplified through out the characters experiences and relationships. First, Hansberry introduce Beneatha who is twenty year old college student with dreams of becoming a doctor in her life. Second, the author mention Ruth as a soft character in the story that wants to become wealthy andRead MoreA Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry802 Words   |  3 Pagespositively to the actions of the White Americans. This leads to African Americans conforming and giving society what they want by changing their style of speech and appearance, this is called cultural assimilation. In Act II, Scene I of A Raisin in the Sun, Lorraine Hansberry interprets the concept of cultural assimilation with the actions of George as he arrives and unintentionally interrupts Beneatha and Walter’s â€Å"African† performance. This scene signifies the struggle between trying to assimilate intoRead MoreA Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry2035 Words   |  8 PagesLorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun is a remarkable play written in 1959 by an African American author about an African American family. This time period was in the early days of the modern awaken ing of civil rights awareness. It was a timely play challenging the then current stereotypical view of a black family by depicting a realistic portrayal of a specific black family with aspirations, hopes, dreams, dignity, and ambition as would be expected from all families regardless of race. TheRead MoreA Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry1199 Words   |  5 Pagesas a person. Walter Lee Younger is a man that goes through many different character changes, which cause conflict amongst the other characters. Once he goes through his rite of passage, he is able to fix his flaws and mature. In Lorraine Hansberry’s play, A Raisin in the Sun, characterization is used to portray that one must experience a rite of passage in order to mature. Walter Lee Younger starts off the play as a man who is selfish and immature, willing to put money before family. He is characterizedRead MoreA Raisin Of A Sun By Lorraine Hansberry2114 Words   |  9 Pages July 26, 2015 A Raisin in a Sun A dream is what a person strive for to achieve success in their lives. Langston Hughes, ask in Montage of a Dream Deferred, â€Å"What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin in the Sun?† A Raisin in the Sun, by Lorraine Hansberry is mainly about a family dream to do better for themselves. All the characters in this story has hopes and dreams. The problem with that is that everyone has their own individual dream which cause conflict within the familyRead MoreA Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry987 Words   |  4 PagesA Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry A Raisin in the Sun is a play written by Lorraine Hansberry, which debuted on broad way in 1959. They play takes place sometime in the 1950’s, a time period wrought with social issues which were ignored by the general public. The play concentrates on the Younger family; Ruth, Travis, Walter Lee, Beneatha, and Lena, the family head. The events of the play take place over the course of only a few weeks, where-in the Younger family is to receive a largeRead MoreA Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry544 Words   |  2 Pages A raisin in the sun is a book that explains the life of a family that is in hard times but some how gets through it. The Younger family is at the bottom of the ladder when it comes to economic status this affects the whole family and dreams and values, but the one thing they are good at are arguing and keeping their dreams alive by being a family and loving and caring for one another when nobody else does. The book a raisin in the sun written by Lorraine Hansberry is about a family that areRead MoreA Raisin Of The Sun By Lorraine Hansberry1581 Words   |  7 PagesLorraine Hansberry, a female playwright and black activist, spent almost all of her life dealing with American racism, poverty, and lack of social mobility. As a person who witnessed the daily struggles of African Americans, Hansberry wanted to expose the hypocrisy in the idea that America was the land of equal opportunity. As a result, in 1959, Hansberry wrote the play, A Raisin in the Sun, which details the Youngers, an African American family, who experienced racism, poverty, and the lack of socialRead MoreA Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry774 Words   |  3 PagesMany can see the appeal of the play† A Raisin in the Sun† by Lorraine Hansberry because it is telling how much the Younger family wants the American dream, the better life that each character wants are different from each other. The family wants the insurance money to start their dreams, the money that would not have been available if not for the death of the head of the family. Walter Lee Younger American dream is all about materialism and what he can get right now. He has the notion of a self-madeRead MoreLorraine Hansberry s A Raisin Of The Sun1527 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† is about the Younger Family who live in a small apartment in Chicago. The family is torn apart as every member has different dreams and goals, yet Mama and her daughter-in-law Ruth desperately attempt to hold the family all together. In both the movie and the play, the family’s dreams remain the same. Mama wants her family to get along and she wants to purchase a house. Her son, Walter, wants the life insurance money from his father to invest in a liquor store to achieve his

Develop Workplace Policy and Procedures for Sustainability...

Name: Christopher Buxton Course Title: Diploma of Management Unit Code: Develop Workplace Policy and Procedures for Sustainability Unit Code: BSBSU501A Assessment1. 1. Review the case study information provided and determine all legislative and regulatory documents that describe compliance requirements for this company. After reading the case study for the Tiny Opera Company I have determined through my own research that the following legislative and regulatory requirements will need to be adhered to so that they are compliant. To start off the Tiny Opera Company will need to have their own Code of Conduct available to all employees and anyone attending the venue. This code of conduct will outline through Key principles what the†¦show more content†¦As the Tiny Opera Company is an entertainment venue they will also need to be compliant with the NSW Work Health and Safety Laws with regards to Noise, this is so that all people attending, or that are involved in the production of a show are not exposed to noise levels that could damage their hearing. The current law states that workers must not be exposed to over 85 decibels over an 8 hour period or peaks of 140 decibels at one go. Other Health and Safety requirements are as follows: Electrical Safety. All electrical installations must be certified according to Australian Standard for Wiring Rules - AS/NZS 3000 and the Australian Standard for Electrical installations 1 Shows and Carnivals 2 AS/NZS 3002 (for outdoor events). Hazardous chemicals and dangerous goods. Hazardous chemicals include flammable liquids, acids, gases and solvents. This should all be included in the Production Risk Assessment for each performance and should state each substance that is to be used. The substances should be used in accordance with requirements set out in the Safety Data Sheet included in the risk assessments. Also under NSW Safety laws any person manufacturing or designing structure must make sure that it is done so in a way that the need for any manual task is reduced so that it isShow MoreRelatedDevelop Workplace Policy and Procedures for Sustainability2534 Words   |  11 Pages12 Develop Workplace Policy amp; Procedures for Sustainability BSBSUS501A Table of Contents PART 1:...........................................................................................................pg. 3-10 Introduction....................................................................................................pg. 3 Benefits of a Sustainability Policy................................................................pg. 4-5 Methods of Consultation/Communication of the policyRead MoreDevelop Workplace Policy and Procedures for Sustainability Assessment Task 11251 Words   |  6 PagesDevelop policy Three policy option summaries: * Using resources wisely: * Econo-Environmental * Environmental Stewardship * Encouraging visitors to consider sustainability: Encouraging customers to make sustainable choices is the biggest environmental challenge. * Focusing on appropriate management principles: * Customer focus * Leadership * Involvement of people * Draft sustainability policy: Using resources wisely: * Econo-environmental: Read MoreSustainability @ Macville Essay1091 Words   |  5 PagesBSBSUS501A Develop workplace policy and procedure for sustainability Assessment Task 2 Policy review project Submission details Candidate’s name|john white|Phone No.|| Assessor’s name|judy bennett|Phone No.|| Assessment site|||| Assessment date/s||Time/s|| The Assessment Task is due on the date specified by your assessor. Any variations to this arrangement must be approved in writing by your assessor. Submit this document with any required evidence attached. See specifications below forRead MoreProject Review1224 Words   |  5 PagesPolicy review Abstract: To come out with an interim report to examine and review the MacVille policy and procedure documents to determine the shortfalls between required sustainable practices and documented approaches to the same. In addition, to review current usage of resources to gain understanding of potential for recommending change to organisational practices.Moreover, to develop an implementation plan for the new and revised policy documents. 1. Interim report 2.1 identify andRead MoreLeadership : A Successful Network Of Collaboration, Together We Create Mutual, Continuing Value?956 Words   |  4 Pagesmaximize firm’s benefits in policy implementation. We will strive to be agile and responsive to the emerging needs of the company. 4. Organizational Capability: We will provide a challenging, dynamic and stimulating workplace that is well regarded. We will support career development and build the capability of our leaders. Requirements of the Team (Strategies for Action) †¢ Provide evidence based advice: Objective and timely advice to the subordinates. †¢ Manage public policy risks: Through early identificationRead MoreEthics : Ethics And Ethics1431 Words   |  6 PagesAlexa Cameron December 28, 2015 Ethics Program Ethics Simply put, ethics are moral and appropriate behavior in the workplace. A typical misconception is that ethics and legality are synonymous; however, not all unethical action is illegal and can typically be controlled within an organization. The following program will help to establish and clarify a basis for a proper code of ethics for this organization. Ethics are important because it helps to define and strengthen the culture ofRead MoreSustainability Of Apple Inc1419 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Sustainability of Apple Inc. Introduction Sustainability should mirror the culture of the organization, matching the organizations strategic approach to doing business. Organizations are now developing sustainability strategies and embedding them in the organizations culture. The organization understands that sustainability will play a major role in their future success/failure. Corporate Sustainability can be summed up using the Triple Bottom Line approach. The Triple bottom line theory is FinancialRead MoreTiny Opera Company Essay1827 Words   |  8 PagesMohammad Monowarul Islam Student ID: 1209 ATCHARAPORN   STUDENT ID: 1213   BSBSUS501 Assessment 1 Unit Name: BSBSUS501- Develop workplace policy and procedures for sustainability Course Name: Diploma of Business Introduction Tiny Opera Company operates in a rural NSW town. Colleen Starr started the company after moving to the small town from Sydney in the late 1970s. Colleen wanted to bring the wonder and entertainment of theatre-based performances to rural NSW. Her vision was to createRead MoreA Company Cool Cafe From 80 Collins Street Melbourne1210 Words   |  5 PagesCafe we establish and develop the required staff behaviours to be ethical, legal, professional and respectful to all our business stakeholders and build a positive business rapports among the stakeholders. †¢ Cool Cafe HR standard: At Cool Cafe we ensure that all the current and potential staffs have the right work conditions, employment contracts, staff training and development, staff induction program. †¢ Cool Cafe Quality standard: At Cool Cafe we develop the standard procedures and protocols for foodRead MorePolicy Implementation And Review On Sustainability Essay2369 Words   |  10 PagesPolicy Implementation Review Each sustainability goal will require changes to the existing way your company does business. To try and say that sustainability is just an attitude is incorrect. With only an attitude, your company will see no recognizable or measurable change in sustainability. Transmitting the desires of the board, as expressed through policy, into actual business practices is challenging. It requires analyzing the existing way of doing business, what the desired result is, and

Analysis Of The Book The Lottery Jackson - 919 Words

Throughout both stories Jackson uses specific details to draw attention in certain points of the story. In the beginning of The Lottery Jackson provides us with specific details about the day on which the lottery takes place. She tells us the date â€Å"The morning of June 27th was clear and sunny, with the fresh warmth of a full-summer day† (Jackson 242), the time, â€Å"around ten o clock; in some towns there were so many people that the lottery took two days.† (Jackson 242) and the temperature, warm. Jackson applies the same attention to detail in â€Å"Life Among The Savages† â€Å"I look around sometimes at the paraphernalia of our living – sandwich bags, typewriters, little wheels off things – and marvel at the complexities of civilization with which we surround ourselves; would we be pleased, I wonder, at a wholesale elimination of these things, so that we were reduced to necessities (coffeepot, typewriters, the essential little wheels off things) (Jackson 2) Jackson also makes it a great point to provide great specifics about the towns each of the stories takes places in, she describes the how many people live in the village and how long the lottery takes and some other villages must start the lottery earlier. Jackson talks about the move from the city to the move Vermont ( is it worth mentioning the details of the city apartment vs. Fielding house and how â€Å"it just needed work† PP 20) it seems as if jackson pays more attention to detail in life among savages than that of theShow MoreRelated Shirley Jacksons The Lottery 946 Words   |  4 PagesShirley Jackson is said to be one of the most â€Å"brilliant and influential authors of the twentieth century.† â€Å"Her fiction writing is some of the most important to come out of the American literary canon.† (http://shirleyjackson.org/Reviews.html) Jackson wrote many short stories and even some books. They are more on the dark, witchlike side, however. Kelleher explains that Jackson stated in some interviews that she practiced magic. No one really knows if she was serious while practicing witchcraftRead MoreSymbolism in The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson Essay example1173 Words   |  5 PagesWhen most people play the lottery today, they think about having wealth. Generally, people who win are happy about it whether they win one dollar or a million. The lottery in our society has grown to support education and it is often worth several million dollars. Usually, the winner of the lottery gains a lot of recognition for the money they win. But what would happen if there was a small town where people held a yearly lottery in which the â€Å"winner† was the member of the town who was not sacrificedRead MoreAn Unkindness of Tradition: Shirley Jackson ´s Biography1624 Words   |  7 Pagesmorbid and daunting way of writing. A common form is that of suspense and mystery. Shirley Jackson takes mystery to a distinctive l evel. She depicts an era that has not yet been revealed. By looking at the background of this author, analyzing her writing and responding personally you will better enhance your learning experience and connection with this type of dark literature. Author Biography Shirley Jackson was an extremely well liked American author during the 1900s. However, in recent yearsRead MoreThe Unexpected Surprise of Violence1009 Words   |  5 Pagesonce risks are taken, but the outcome is never expected. Shirley Jackson, reader of witchcraft books, horrifies people with her perspective on the understanding of merciless rituals that kept communities at ease. Shirley Jackson develops her theme of unexpected violence in her short story â€Å"The Lottery† through the use of irony, symbolism, and denouement. On a summer day in a small town in the short story, â€Å"The Lottery†, Jackson takes advantage of the peaceful environment and adds a convolutedRead MoreTo Further Understand The Text One Must Know The Literary1724 Words   |  7 PagesTo further understand the text one must know the literary devices present in The Lottery. In the short story The Lottery there is a theme of tradition. The citizens all blindly followed the tradition of the lottery while barely remembering its origin or reasoning. Each year the town came together to have its lottery. It was said that the lottery was done each year so that they would have good crops but many of the citizens had forgotten its purpose. While waiting for the ceremony to begin the childrenRead MoreShirley Jackson Biography Essay1117 Words   |  5 PagesShirley Jackson was born on December 14, 1916 in San Francisco, California. She was the daughter of Leslie Hardie (President of Stecher-Traung Lithograph,Inc.) and Geraldine Bugbee Jackson. Miss Jackson attended the University of Rochester from 1934 to 1936. She graduated with a BA from Syracuse University in 1940. Shortly after graduating, she married Stanley Edgar Hyman, who was a literary critic and was on the faculty of Bennington college.. They moved to Vermont and had four children togetherRead MoreHuman Sacrifice vs. Ritual Murder in The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson914 Words   |  4 PagesImagine this; it is 9am, the sun is out and even though the children are playing , but before the day is done, someone will find themselves the winner of the lottery. However, it is not the lottery that most are familiar with. In 1988 author Judy Oppenheimer conducted an interview with author Shirley Jackson, the author of The Lottery . In this interview Shirley explained why she wrote the short story in the following excerpt ; I hoped, by setting a particularly brutal ancient riteRead MoreThe Revision Process Allows Me855 Words   |  4 Pagesmore structured and ev idence based argument. The revision process helps to improve papers to become more effective by creating a better overall thesis which could lead to a more conclusive essay that gets directly to the main point of the desired analysis. Most people would assume that the thesis is considered to be the most critical part of the essay. It investigates what the main idea of the paper will encompass. Usually, the first draft of the thesis for most people is never the thesis that willRead MoreHidden Symbols in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson1170 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom the diverse objects around your room that represent a certain time, to the books of literature you read in school. Symbolism is an object, which represents something else. For example, in the short story, â€Å"The Lottery†, Mrs. Hutchinson got picked for the lottery. The word â€Å"hutch† is another word for box, and she happened to have her life taken from her by a paper in a box. The odd, short story of â€Å"the Lottery† is a story that should be read by many people for any urge to find symbolic referencesRead MoreThe Blind Obedience in â€Å"the Lottery†2459 Words   |  10 PagesBlind Obedience in â€Å"The Lottery† â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson written and published in 1948, takes place on June 27th in a small town of three hundred people. Villagers gather together at around ten o’clock for one of the main rituals called ‘the lottery‘, which takes place in the central square. â€Å"The lottery was conducted as were the square dances† (Jackson 31) illustrating the timely scheduled event. It is a normal day with â€Å"the fresh warmth of a full summer day† (Jackson 1). The men arte having

Terrorism and Counterterrorism Strategy †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Terrorism and Counterterrorism Strategy. Answer: Introduction Terrorism means the destructive activities taken recourse to by a group of people to coerce a government to yield to their demands(Roy 2013). The term terrorism is associated with violent activities management band mass killings. Even though, there is no fixed definition of the word terrorism, almost every human being is aware of it and some have even experienced its horrific consequences. Terrorism is not an ideology like communism or capitalism. Rather, terrorism is a tactic a strategy used to achieve a specific end(Lemieux 2016). Terrorism is usually the act of instilling fear in people in order to show power, rage or is backed by the fulfillment of some sort of political, religious or ideological agenda. Terrorism is responsible for the killing of people in large numbers. The violence is aimed at creating fear in the targeted population and often provokes prompt and violent response from the state(Lemieux 2017). Therefore it is necessary to take strong precautionary measures to avoid as well as fight back extremist groups who try to create hue and cry. This leads to effective planning and making of strategies used to tackle terrorism. This is called counter terrorism. The act of preparation, planning, constructing and implementing strategies to control and combat the gruesome acts of terrorism is what is called as counter terrorism. Counter terrorism holds extreme importance as it not only a precautionary measure but a well thought out strategy that aims to prevent and combat terrorist groups when the situation gets out of hand. The first ever counter terrorism group was formed by Sir William Harcourt who was Home secretary at the time in British. This was back in 1880s when the Irish militant Fenians was carrying out a terror campaign resulting in extreme violence and deaths of innumerable innocent people. The idea was to infiltrate the Irish group and tackle the violent activities happening from inside. It was Harcourt who have the idea of undercover infiltration and the name of the unit form by him was later changed to Special branch as the group expanded and became more permanent management. The general role of the unit was to tackle terrorist groups by foreign subversion. This helped immensely in the governments knowing about the planning and strategies of the terrorist groups without the latter realizing it. From here on, under cover infiltration of organized crime became the norm and law enforcement agencies and government authoritative forming similar units in order to nip the violent extremism in the bud. Counter terrorism gained extreme importance in the late 20th century. This happened post the 9/11 attacks on world trade center in America. History tells us that nations fall or rise depending on the efficacy of their intelligence machinery and the quality of their counter-terrorism strategy(Raghavan 2012). The extreme loss of innocent lives and property, the unpreparedness of the government and the army was extremely shocking to one and all. Law enforcement agencies, post this event started investing a lot of their time, export and resources into the formation of such squads and units that could submerge foreign groups causing violence and be a step ahead. Such statistics increase the need for having counter terrorism systems. Planning Counter Terrorism Terrorists tend to employ shockingly violent acts, such as beheadings, downing of commercial airlines, bombings in public markets, and armed attacks in public places, to intimidate an audience(Sandler 2015). Effective and in-depth planning involving government authorities, military forces as well as private agencies are required for tackling and combating terrorism. There are a number of measures taken by the above mentioned organizations such as hiring intelligence, mass surveillance and reconnaissance. These activities take a huge amount of time and discretion and important to national security as well as the lives of millions of innocent people. Traditional means of implementing counter terrorism activities include increasing intelligence and domestic surveillance. This requires a large task force and recruiting a larger number of police officials and other standard police personnel than usual. In addition to this surveillance of communication is also done. This includes intercept ion of communication lines such as phone calls, emails, video calls etc. as well as tracing of important extremist head members which run their organizations. Almost every major terrorist attack on Western soil in the past fifteen years was committed by someone already on the governments radar for one or another reason(Granick 2017). Modern methods are slightly different and a little bit more reliable and efficient. These include expanding military as well as increase law enforcement operations. Counter terrorism is not an easy job. There are a number of challenges faces by law enforcement authorities which can make their job difficult. They may also hamper the operations the need to be carried and result in failed attempts upon discovery by the opposing groups. Counter-terrorism, to be effective, has to have a strong preventive elementthe aim being to stop an attack long before it is launched, and thereby to reduce the fear, as well as effects, of terrorism(White 2013). Below menti oned are a few of the major challenges that are faced by counter terrorism groups. Surveillance- This is the biggest issue faced by governors and law enforcement agencies. It has a number of parameters which determine the success and ability of government authorities on finding information on target groups management. A major concern with the development of mass surveillance tools is that they can be used by authoritarian regimes to suppress freedom of information and expression and track down political opponents(Kersley 2015). Mass surveillance means keeping an eye on a large group of people. This is a difficult job as it surveilling such a large number of people is not only very impractical but also requires an increase in the number of recruits that shall be surveilling these people. In addition to this, surveillance measures of such a scale are very often opposed by the general public as this obliterates their right to privacy. Therefore, surveillance is a major issue and a challenge for the government trying to get gold of individuals and groups who indulge th emselves in terrorist activities. The lack of transparency creates a fundamental distrust between the public and the national security as to how the surveillance system actually functions(Chan 2015). A lot of the time members of extremist groups have original identification credentials. Research has long demonstrated that there is no terrorist profile, predictive pathway or discernible process that leads one to commit violent acts(German 2016). This makes it even more difficult for the authorities to identify them. Preparation- Another challenge is intelligence. One never knows what information is true and what is false. It is extremely difficult to obtain reliable information one that can be acted upon immediately. Preparation is of utmost importance. There have been a number of terrorist activities in almost every country on the planet till date and the law enforcement authorities are more alert and prepared than ever. Even so, terrorists and extremist groups are able to have their way, take the lives of innocent people in huge numbers. It is extremely important to be alert and aware at all times. However, already present challenges due to surveillance issues make it even more difficult than it already is. Infiltration- Many times, the extremist groups who cause violence are often small close knit groups. Also, a lot of the times these group members are blood related and know everyone in the group personally. Therefore infiltration of these groups is extremely difficult. These groups do not tend to involve outsiders into their clan and are aware of the infiltration tactics that the government agencies now use. The United States continues to rely heavily on airstrikes and targeted killings, while terrorist groups continue to cause mayhem and gain adherents(Brooks 2015). In times like these, when the counter terrorism groups are faced with extreme challenges as the ones mentioned above, the only options left are communications interception and financial tracking of individuals and even these options remain limited and need to be handled with extreme discretion. Frustrated Foreign Fighters It has been seen in the past decades that there is an increase in the number of foreign fighters who return to their country countries causing threats. Foreign fighters have years of experience and hard core training in creating and tackling violence. Therefore, they have a very different mindset from the average human being. This poses a great threat to the national security. Many foreign fighters who go to war initially have very different intentions. However, therr have been innumerable cases where some of these have been captured and indoctrinated. These war heroes upon returning to their home countries can pose a great threat to the security of their own country. The governments are well aware of this and the foreign fighters become more and more frustrated dur to this. There are a number of things that can be done by the state in order to ensure peace upon return of foreign fighters to the home country. This can begin by keeping an eye on the foreign fighters, especially on soc ial media. Such individuals have a tendency of expressing their sympathies towards foreign countrie. How such surveillance needs to be done at a large scale. This requires a lot of resources on the part of the state and the nation. Additionally, such measures should be taken by ensuring proper discretion first. Although counter terrorism groups were built keeping in mind the need to control, tackle, combat and suppress any potential violent activities that may be impending, there have been a number of cases where the abuse of power evident. Certain politicians and government officials waste no time exploiting the tragedy for their own ends(Anonymous 2015). A number of cases where individuals have been confined to imprisonment, captured and beaten and accused of being involved in terrorist activities have also emerged. A lot if the times such imprisonment was conducted on the basis of the individual's race or religion with no other effective information about his or her factual involvement with the terrorism. A number of cases have emerged and been recorded as abuse of power while they were meant for the sole purpose of effective surveillance and collection of good intelligence. Capturing, imprisoning, beating and holding a person in solitary confinement for long hours without genuine inform ation of the involvement of the individual in any sort of crime is illegal. The ideal response is one that balances greater security on the one hand, while preserving civil liberties on the other(Wilkinson 2004). In 2003, in Malaysia counter terrorism laws were passed. These faced extreme opposition and protest by the human rights activists in the country. The laws were said to be very vague and breaching an individual's privacy rights. These laws allowed the government to hold alleged militants or accountable without fair trails. In the same year, in Syria Meher Agar who happened to be a Canadian-Syrian national reported publicly that he was captured and tortured illegally by the Syrian authorities. Another incident that happened in Columbia towards the end of the same year, allowed the military on Columbia to arrest civilians, tap cell phone communications and carry out house searches without any warrants. A large number of people who are allegedly having relations to or are involved in criminal activities of Taliban, Al Qaeda and many other such extremist groups , are captured and detained indefinitely without any warrants or official proceedings. Many such incidents have taken place in a number of different countries. While you getting terrorism is essential, and must be done, abusing ones power and taking away an individual's basic human rights is not only discouraged but also illegal. Human rights activist all over the world come together and put in a lot of effort to ensure such abuse of power is not done. They work to rescue individuals falsely acquitted of being involved in crimes they did not commit and people related to terrorists they are not related to. Europes human rights watchdog has issued a strong warning on the dangers of new mass surveillance counter-terrorism measures being adopted by governments in the aftermath of the Paris and Copenhagen terror attacks(Travis 2015). While counter terrorism is precautionary at best in its efforts to tackle terrorism, it does have a few cons that prove to be extremely wrong and intolerable in nature. Preparation Being prepared for an attack is the most important thing in planting a terrorist attack. Governments carry out regular drills to ensure military forces, civilians, police forces are all prepared to handle situations of extreme violence and distress. In addition to this, there are a number of other precautionary measures that can ensure the least possible damage to life and property. Below are discussed such measures in detail. Police forces and emergency response organizations including medical service providing organizations, hospitals and fire-fighters have extremely important roles in times of a violent terrorist attack. Civilians must be trained to not panic and call for immediate help. Regular drills and practice sessions can prove to be of great importance. These can help immensely at times of need. Every individual should be taught about the benefits of having a prepared emergency first aid kit. In addition to this, one must always remember contact numbers of police, hospitals and fire fighting agencies. Being prepared is the first step in fighting any sort of violent activity. Target hardening is another effective strategy use by the counter terrorism groups to ensure safety of targets. Target hardening essentially means taking steps to ensure safety of important buildings, people of whatever is it is that the opposing group aims to target. This can be done by a number of ways. One method is to limit the access of vehicles to close to a building. This removes the possibility of damage to an important building as well as the people inside by an intended truck or car explosion. Another method involves planning of building layouts in such a manner that they have easily accessible fire exits, and can be evacuate by a large number of people easily in a short period of time In airplanes nowadays, especially after the 911 attack, the cockpits have reinforced doors that can only be unlocked by the pilots. Railways stations in the United Kingdom and Scotland got rid of their dustbins as they proved to be convenient locations for hiding bombs. In Massachusetts, the Bay Transportation authority installed barriers that were bomb resistant as a precautionary measure. Authorities must also keep in mind that large factories and industries dealing with chemicals can be easy targets. Also chemicals can be stolen are used to make bombs very easily. Chemicals used in industries require greater amount of protection than they currently do. Command and control centers are required handling such incidents that may involve violence at a large scale. National response teams and local response teams must be formed and prepared at all times to ensure safety and protection of life and property. Mitigating damage is also of great importance. Fire fighters, hospitals, police forces and local response teams must be trained and regular drills should be conducted to keep all trams ready in situation of an attack. Such bodies are also best suited for handling the impact if a violent incident. In the event of an attack, it is the responsibility of the local police to handle large crowds. They must isolate and evacuate the affected area immediately reducing the damage. Hospitals have emergency rooms which must be equipped with handling effected people and treating them accordingly. Fire fighters have a very important role in controlling explosions and fires in an affect3d building. Helping in evacuating the effected buildings is one of their major roles. Many countries have invested a large amount of their money and resources into building tactical forces and units which are specially trained in handling violent attacks by terrorists. These task forces have intense trainings which involve preparation and mitigation practices in times of attacks. These special task forces are highlight trained in direct engagement with terrorists. They specialize in rescue operations and combating further terrorist attacks. The majority acts of terrorism are handles by a Country's national and state level forces. However, Special Forces are also required when the attack is lethal and a great amount of risk is involved. Designing counter terrorism systems As technology has evolved manifolds over the years, terrorist attacks have become more and more advanced and difficult to recognize. Therefore, building anti terrorism attacks is not only essential but shall help in prevention of large scale violent crimes effectively. Developing such systems needs a vast amount of knowledge, resources and time. It has been implemented despite ongoing confusions about costs, what metadata actually is, and whether the telecommunications sector is ready to retain and encrypt this data(Baldino 2015). Anti terrorism systems need to take into account a number of very complicated factors such as controlling large crowds, managing vast borders of a country, technological advances that can be used by terrorists, managing high traffic and high population areas. Such systems need highly advance technological innovation capable of storing analyzing and interpreting large amounts of data. The biggest challenge for building of such a system is the level of uncertainty. Terrorists usually target areas that have a large population so the impact can be maximized. However, building such a system that can recognize imminent threats all over r the world can be an extremely daunting task. Moreover shall also not be very cost effective. Meaning not every city may be able to afford such a system. Also, a system can be hacked, and manipulated by anyone. Therefore there are always such limitations when it comes to the use of technology. Conclusion Terrorism is a grave issue in today's world. It leads to the loss of lives of millions. It creates havoc and instills a sense of fear amongst the general population. Numerous acts of terrorism over the ages have forced governments and law enforcement systems to come up measures to control and combat terrorism. This has led to the invention of counter terrorism. Counter terrorism involves activities relating to combating, suppressing, tackling and handling any violent activities that may harm innocent people and be a threat to national security or the pop7of a country in general. A number of steps have been taken by governments to keep the public and task forces such as police, army etc prepared for times of attacks. These include mass surveillance of public places especially those that have a high population. These also include forming Special Forces that are trained to combat violent criminal attacks by terrorists. Counter attacking terrorists and suppressing all such activities that prove to be harmful to the public are laid emphasis on. Even so, there are a number of challenges that are faced by counter terrorism systems. Mass surveillance is not only extremely expensive but also violates privacy rights of individuals. Thus, protests against surveillance systems are ongoing and are a major limitation for such systems that need to collect information that may prove to be essential in terrorist attacks. Apart from that, there are a number of other challenges faces by counter terrorism systems. Every country in today's world is investing a huge amount of resources and money in forming Special Forces that are trained to deal with terrorism, its impacts and repercussions. With advancements in technologies, terrorist are also becoming more and more aware and using advanced methods of technology to create more havoc. Therefore, in today's world it is imperative to have counter terrorism systems to prevent and mitigate the effects of terrorism. References Anonymous 2015, Mass Surveillance Isnt the Answer to Fighting Terrorism, viewed 7 october 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/18/opinion/mass-surveillance-isnt-the-answer-to-fighting-terrorism.html. 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